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The Ten Great Buildings () are ten public buildings that were built in Beijing in 1959, to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China. They were part of an architecture and urbanism initiative of the Great Leap Forward; most of the buildings were largely completed in a time span of ten months, by the deadline of 1 October 1959.〔Roderick MacFarquhar. ''The Origins of the Cultural Revolution''. Columbia University Press. 1983. v. II, p. 367. ISBN 0-231-05717-2〕 In addition to the construction of these ten new buildings, there was also an expansion of Tiananmen square,〔 and a campaign of art commissions to decorate the majority of the buildings by the time of their completion. Two subsequent art campaigns for these buildings were conducted in 1961, and 1964–1965.〔Julia F. Andrews. ''Painters and Politics in the People's Republic of China, 1949–1979''. University of California Press. 1995.〕 The buildings were designed by members of the Beijing Institute of Architectural Design, working with the Beijing Planning Bureau and the Ministry of Construction.〔 The architects used an austere combination of three basic styles: modernism in the international style, Socialist realism as expressed in Stalinist architecture, and a form of historicism based on traditional Chinese architecture.〔Peter G. Rowe, Seng Kuan. ''Architectural Encounters With Essence and Form in Modern China''. MIT Press. 2002. ISBN 0-262-68151-X〕 ''The Ten Great Buildings'' transformed Beijing. These monumental new buildings, constructed on a grand scale and providing modern facilities and services, helped to establish and celebrate an image of Mao Zedong's "New China". They redefined Beijing as modern and up-to-date, a part of the international socialist vision of the future, and yet still distinctively Chinese; perhaps most important, as a city comparable to other globally important "superpower" capitals such as London, Washington, D.C., and Moscow.〔 More recently, lists have been compiled promoting the ten great buildings of Beijing constructed during the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s (to date); although the original 1959 list is still considered pre-eminent and definitive of the concept. ==The buildings== The ten buildings are:〔The People's Daily. (聚焦中国55年：北京的十大建筑 (''Focus on China's 55 years: the Ten Great Buildings of Beijing'') ). 2004-09-30.〕〔Beijing People's Government. (首都之窗 – 十大建筑 (''Beijing Official Website – Ten Great Buildings'') )〕 *The Great Hall of the People – Located on the western edge of Tiananmen Square, the Great Hall of the People houses China's top legislative body, the National People's Congress, and is also used for other ceremonial activities. *The National Museum of China – Originally known as the China Revolutionary History Museum, this building is located on the eastern edge of Tiananmen Square.〔The People's Daily. (“十大建筑”：中国革命历史博物馆 (''"Ten Great Buildings": China Revolutionary History Museum'') ). 2004-09-30.〕 *The Cultural Palace of Nationalities – Located on the north side of West Chang'an Avenue, the Nationalities Cultural Palace is a medium rise building incorporating traditional Chinese design elements. It has won a number of awards as an example of modern Chinese-style design.〔The People's Daily. (“十大建筑”：民族文化宫 (''"Ten Great Buildings": Nationalities Cultural Palace'') ). 2004-09-30.〕 *The Beijing Railway Station – Designed by architects Yang Tingbao and Chen Deng'ao, Beijing Railway Station was the largest modern passenger rail terminal in China at the time of construction.〔The People's Daily. (“十大建筑”：北京火车站 (''"Ten Great Buildings": Beijing Railway Station'') ). 2004-09-30.〕 Since its construction, it has served as the terminal of a number of domestic and international services, including services to Moscow, Ulan Bator, and Pyongyang.〔Beijing Railway Station, (北京站 – 历史的回顾 (Beijing Station – Looking back on history) )〕 It replaced the old Beijing Railway Station at Qianmen, near Tiananmen Square, which had been built in 1901.〔Beijing Railway Station, (北京站 – 车站概况 (''Beijing Station – Station overview'') )〕 *The Workers Stadium – The multi-purpose stadium was last renovated in 2004 and now has a capacity of 66,161. It hosted the first National Games of the People's Republic of China.〔The People's Daily. (“十大建筑”：北京工人体育场 (''"Ten Great Buildings": Beijing Workers' Stadium) ). 2004-09-30.〕 *The National Agriculture Exhibition Hall – Premier Zhou Enlai oversaw the planning of this building. It was first used in 1959 to house the Tenth Anniversary National Agricultural Achievements Exhibition.〔The People's Daily. (“十大建筑”：全国农业展览馆 (''"Ten Great Buildings": National Agriculture Exhibition Hall) ). 2004-09-30.〕 *The Diaoyutai State Guesthouse – The hotel and guesthouse complex is built on the site of an 800-year-old garden dating back to the Jin Dynasty. The building incorporates design elements of traditional Chinese garden architecture.〔The People's Daily. (“十大建筑”：钓鱼台国宾馆 (''"Ten Great Buildings": Diaoyutai State Guesthouse)'' ). 2004-09-30.〕〔Diaoyutai State Guesthouse. (楼苑详介 (''Building details'') )〕 Formerly reserved for visiting dignitaries and Party officials (most famously Jiang Qing, Madame Mao), the guesthouse is now open to the public *The Minzu Hotel – The Minzu Hotel is located on West Chang'an Avenue. It has hosted numerous foreign delegations, and is often used for press conferences.〔The People's Daily. (“十大建筑”：民族饭店 (''"Ten Great Buildings": Minzu Hotel)'' ). 2004-09-30.〕 *The Overseas Chinese Hotel – The original Overseas Chinese Hotel was demolished in the 1990s.〔The People's Daily. (“十大建筑”：华侨大厦 (''"Ten Great Buildings": Overseas Chinese Hotel'') ). 2004-09-30.〕 A new building on the same site is now part of the Prime Hotel chain.〔Prime Hotel. (Prime Hotel Beijing )〕 *The Chinese People's Revolutionary Military Museum – Located on Fuxing Road in Beijing, this is the only large, comprehensive war museum in China. Displays focus on wars of the twentieth century, especially the Chinese Civil War, but also cover other ancient and modern warfare and weapons.〔Beijing People's Government. (首都之窗 – 中国革命军事博物馆 (''Beijing Official Website – Chinese People's Revolutionary Military Museum'') )〕 The main building is seven storeys high at the centre, and is topped by a central steeple. Two four-storey side wings extend on either side.〔People's Liberation Army Daily. (军事博物馆简介 (''Introduction to the Military Museum'') )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ten Great Buildings」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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